地下室滲(shen)漏主要存(cun)在于施工縫、伸(shen)縮(suo)縫、后(hou)澆帶、外墻等部位，施工縫、伸(shen)縮(suo)縫、后(hou)澆帶、外墻砼接槎處理不好而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)的滲(shen)漏。

　　施工(gong)縫(feng)(feng)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)砼前按常規方法處(chu)理(li)(li)，把(ba)表面(mian)鑿毛，止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)鋼板(ban)清理(li)(li)干凈，澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)濕潤，澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)時(shi)先用同強(qiang)度(du)等級減石子(zi)砂漿(jiang)(jiang)接(jie)(jie)漿(jiang)(jiang)，保(bao)證(zheng)施工(gong)縫(feng)(feng)接(jie)(jie)觸良好(hao)。為(wei)確保(bao)施工(gong)縫(feng)(feng)處(chu)無滲漏(lou)，在地下室(shi)大面(mian)做防(fang)水(shui)時(shi)必須增設一(yi)道防(fang)水(shui)附加(jia)層(ceng)(ceng)，在放置橡膠(jiao)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)時(shi)確保(bao)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)位(wei)置在構件厚度(du)中間，止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)中線與伸縮縫(feng)(feng)中線重合。特別對水(shui)平伸縮縫(feng)(feng)，澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)砼時(shi)一(yi)定注意，砼不能直接(jie)(jie)沖擊(ji)橡膠(jiao)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)，以免止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)偏位(wei)造成滲漏(lou)。后澆(jiao)(jiao)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)施工(gong)，主(zhu)要抓住清理(li)(li)關，為(wei)了(le)(le)清理(li)(li)方便把(ba)后澆(jiao)(jiao)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)位(wei)置的(de)墊層(ceng)(ceng)有意留低100mm。為(wei)了(le)(le)防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)漏(lou)漿(jiang)(jiang)，在后澆(jiao)(jiao)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)兩側澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)了(le)(le)通長砼帶(dai)(dai)(dai)，對漏(lou)漿(jiang)(jiang)起到了(le)(le)良好(hao)的(de)控制效果。

　　地(di)下(xia)室外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)滲漏(lou)易發部(bu)位有(you)(you)(you)對拉螺(luo)栓處、貫通(tong)鋼(gang)筋支撐處(或拉鉤過(guo)長)、底(di)(di)板與(yu)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)陰角處、砼(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)振(zhen)(zhen)欠振(zhen)(zhen)的(de)蜂(feng)窩(wo)(wo)等。針對上(shang)述原因，在底(di)(di)板及(ji)(ji)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)鋼(gang)筋隱蔽(bi)驗收(shou)時，嚴(yan)(yan)禁出(chu)現外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)使用普通(tong)螺(luo)桿(gan)或貫通(tong)限位支撐鋼(gang)筋。所有(you)(you)(you)地(di)下(xia)室外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)螺(luo)桿(gan)、管(guan)道(dao)(dao)均必(bi)須設有(you)(you)(you)三(san)道(dao)(dao)止水環(huan)。地(di)下(xia)室外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)模(mo)板不能拆除過(guo)早，以(yi)免(mian)拆模(mo)過(guo)程(cheng)中導(dao)致(zhi)止水螺(luo)桿(gan)松動，產生毛細孔(kong)。為了(le)避免(mian)底(di)(di)板與(yu)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)轉角處出(chu)現滲漏(lou)，在300mm 高砼(tong)(tong)(tong)導(dao)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)嚴(yan)(yan)把質(zhi)量關，先(xian)把底(di)(di)板砼(tong)(tong)(tong)澆(jiao)筑到吊(diao)模(mo)下(xia)口平，待(dai)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)即(ji)將初凝時再澆(jiao)筑導(dao)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)。導(dao)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)澆(jiao)筑時必(bi)須振(zhen)(zhen)搗密實，吊(diao)模(mo)下(xia)口翻出(chu)的(de)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)不能急于(yu)刮除，特別(bie)注(zhu)意此時導(dao)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)根(gen)部(bu)的(de)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)不能再振(zhen)(zhen)，以(yi)免(mian)出(chu)現吊(diao)腳(jiao)，導(dao)致(zhi)滲漏(lou)。為了(le)控(kong)制外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)蜂(feng)窩(wo)(wo)及(ji)(ji)裂(lie)縫(feng)的(de)產生，砼(tong)(tong)(tong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)時要把握振(zhen)(zhen)搗和養護關。加(jia)強砼(tong)(tong)(tong)振(zhen)(zhen)搗，執行“快插慢拔(ba)”，嚴(yan)(yan)禁出(chu)現漏(lou)振(zhen)(zhen)或過(guo)振(zhen)(zhen)而(er)引起(qi)蜂(feng)窩(wo)(wo)。加(jia)強抗滲砼(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)養護，派(pai)專(zhuan)人完成(cheng)，保證砼(tong)(tong)(tong)表面保持濕潤狀態，養護時間不少于(yu)14 天。最后進行外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)水施(shi)(shi)工(gong)時，先(xian)進行結構(gou)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)蓄水試驗確保無(wu)滲漏(lou)，對有(you)(you)(you)濕澤地(di)方(fang)增加(jia)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)防(fang)水涂料(liao)，對螺(luo)栓孔(kong)處，鑿除小(xiao)木(mu)塊(kuai)用1：2水泥砂漿修補(bu)，對陽角及(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)縫(feng)處在大(da)面做(zuo)防(fang)水前必(bi)須做(zuo)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)防(fang)水附加(jia)層(ceng)。